Best & Effective Thyroid Treatment In Jaipur, Delhi, Udaipur, Kota, Bikaner

The thyroid gland, or simply the thyroid, in vertebrate anatomy, is one of the largest endocrine glands and consists of two connected lobes. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage (which forms the laryngeal prominence, or “Adam’s apple”). The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how sensitive the body is to other hormones. It participates in these processes by producing thyroid hormones, the principal ones being triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (sometimes referred to as tetraiodothyronine (T₄)). These hormones regulate the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. T₃ and T₄ are synthesized from iodine and tyrosine. The thyroid also produces calcitonin, which plays a role in calcium homeostasis.

Hormonal output from the thyroid is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary, which itself is regulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) produced by the hypothalamus.

A thyroid disease is a medical condition impairing the function of the thyroid. Different thyroid diseases include Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. These diseases have a large range of symptoms and affect all ages.

Diseases

Functional disorders

Imbalance in production of thyroid hormones arises from dysfunction of the thyroid gland itself, the pituitary gland, which produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), or thehypothalamus, which regulates the pituitary gland via thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Concentrations of TSH increase with age, requiring age-corrected tests. Hypothyroidism affects between three and ten percent of adults, with incidence higher in women and the elderly.

Hypofunction – Hypothyroidism

• Hashimoto’s thyroiditis / thyroiditis
• Ord’s thyroiditis
• Postoperative hypothyroidism
• Postpartum thyroiditis
• Silent thyroiditis
• Acute thyroiditis
• Iatrogenic hypothyroidism
• Thyroid hormone resistance
• Euthyroid sick syndrome

Hyperfunction – Hyperthyroidism

• Thyroid storm
• Graves’ disease
• Toxic thyroid nodule
• Toxic nodular struma (Plummer’s disease)
• Hashitoxicosis

Nodular abnormalities – Goitre

• Endemic goitre
• Diffuse goitre
• Multinodular goitre
• Lingual thyroid
• Thyroglossal duct cyst

Tumors

• Thyroid adenoma
• Thyroid cancer
  • Papillary
  • Follicular
  • Medullary
  • Anaplastic
• Lymphomas and metastasis from elsewhere (rare)

Deficiencies

• Cretinism

Medication linked to thyroid disease includes amiodarone, lithium salts, some types of interferon and IL-2. Defiency in adults causes Myxedema.

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